See hom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"form": "heem",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ham",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
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},
"expansion": "hom",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "homes"
},
"expansion": "hom (plural homes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"home, residence, dwelling"
],
"links": [
[
"home",
"home"
],
[
"residence",
"residence"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"house, housing"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"housing",
"housing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"accommodation, rest"
],
"links": [
[
"accommodation",
"accommodation"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"seat, headquarters, centre"
],
"links": [
[
"seat",
"seat"
],
[
"headquarters",
"headquarters"
],
[
"centre",
"centre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) seat, headquarters, centre"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"village, town"
],
"links": [
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"town",
"town"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) village, town"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɔ̝ːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/haːm/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaucer",
"Great Vowel Shift",
"J. R. R. Tolkien",
"Jeremy J. Smith",
"Simon Horobin",
"The Reeve's Tale"
],
"word": "hom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *teḱ-",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tḱey-",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱey-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Middle English/ɔːm"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "hyem"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "home"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "hyem"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ham"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hame"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "hime"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "hyme"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "haime"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hām<id:home>",
"id": "home"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#back-formation|Back-formation]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*teḱ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tḱéyti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tḱey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"noun\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tḱóymos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haimaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haim\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hām\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hom\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"home\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"hom\" id=\"Middle_English:_home\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hām"
},
"expansion": "Old English hām",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haim"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haimaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haimaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heimr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heimr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hām, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.\nThe spellings geen, heem, neen for gon (“to go”), hom, and non (“none”) in the representation of Northern Middle English in Chaucer's The Reeve's Tale were argued by Tolkien to be from scribal confusion of ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩. Smith, deeming such confusion improbable, instead posits that such spellings are an East Midland rendition of pronunciations such as [ɡæːn], [hæːm], [næːn] or [ɡɛːn], [hɛːm], [nɛːn] from the early actuation of the Great Vowel Shift in Northern Middle English. Horobin rejects this, concluding that heem is a rendition of a borrowing from Old Norse heimr, while geen and neen are analogical creations based upon it.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hoom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "home",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoome",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "whom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "om",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hame",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "heem",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ham",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "hom",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hom",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "homly"
},
{
"word": "homward"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"home, homeward"
],
"links": [
[
"home",
"home"
],
[
"homeward",
"homeward"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɔ̝ːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/haːm/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaucer",
"Great Vowel Shift",
"J. R. R. Tolkien",
"Jeremy J. Smith",
"Simon Horobin",
"The Reeve's Tale"
],
"word": "hom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "hom",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "them",
"word": "hem"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of hem (“them”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hem",
"hem#Middle_English:_them"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "hom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
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],
"etymology_number": "3",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "hom",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "enclosure, meadow",
"word": "hamme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of hamme (“enclosure, meadow”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hamme",
"hamme#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "hom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "hom",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "“who, whom”, accusative",
"word": "whom"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of whom (“who, whom”, accusative)"
],
"links": [
[
"whom",
"whom#Middle_English:_whom"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "hom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hom meaning in Middle English (13.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.